The system capacity (flow rate) needed to adequately irrigate an area is dependent on the:
- Peak crop water requirements during the growing season

- Effective crop rooting depth
- Texture and infiltration rate of the soil
- The available water-holding capacity of the soil
- If the water source is a one or more wells, the well or wells’ pumping capacity
- The State Water Commission permitted pumping rate
This table shows the system capacity (gpm/acre) needed for the commonly irrigated crops and various soil textures. Determine the dominant soil texture in the field and what type of crops will be
grown (the crop rotation), then determine the appropriate system capacity. For example, for a rotation of potatoes, corn and alfalfa on loamy sand, the table shows that potatoes require 7 gpm/acre, corn 5.9 gpm/acre and alfalfa 5.6 gpm/acre. Select a design system capacity for the crop requiring the largest amount, in this case the potatoes at 7 gpm/acre. If you install a center pivot system covering 130 acres, you would need about 910 gpm for proper design. Note, what you need for proper design and what a well will produce may be different.
| Crop |
Root Zone Depth (ft) |
Coarse Sand and Gravel |
Sand |
Loamy Sand |
Sandy Loam |
Fine Sandy Loam |
Loam and Silt Loam |
| Potatoes ** |
2.0 |
8.2 |
7.5 |
7.0 |
6.4 |
6.1 |
5.7 |
| Dry Beans |
2.0 |
7.9 |
7.1 |
6.4 |
6.1 |
5.7 |
5.4 |
| Soy Beans |
2.0 |
7.9 |
7.1 |
6.4 |
6.1 |
5.7 |
5.4 |
| Corn |
3.0 |
7.3 |
6.6 |
5.9 |
5.5 |
5.3 |
4.9 |
| Sugarbeets |
3.0 |
7.3 |
6.6 |
5.9 |
5.5 |
5.3 |
4.9 |
| Small Grains |
3.0 |
7.3 |
6.6 |
5.9 |
5.5 |
5.3 |
4.9 |
| Alfalfa |
4.0 |
6.8 |
5.9 |
5.6 |
5.1 |
5.0 |
4.5 |
| ** Adjusted for 40 percent depletion of available water |
A sprinkler system must be designed to apply water uniformly without runoff or erosion. The application rate of the sprinkler system must be matched to the intake rate of the most restrictive soil in the field. If the application rate exceeds the soil intake rate, the water will run off the field or relocate within the field, resulting in over- and under watered areas. The intake rate of the soils in your field can be found in the county soil survey available at your local Natural Resources Conservation Service or Extension office.
Contact your local dealer to learn how Senninger products can meet your needs.
Excerpts from “Selecting a Sprinkler Irrigation System,” Tom Scherer, Extension Agricultural Engineer, North Dakota State University, January 2010, www.ag.ndsu.edu